Joy Luck Club - 2104 Words

Joy Luck Club Plot The eight main characters of the movie all had to contend with different types of conflicts, some such as Waverlys Mother had to endure a type of social conflict from the 1st wife and other concubines, the unjust discrimination of the husbands family, while other characters such as Mei-mei had to endure a life of living under the shadow of Waverly. But each of the characters despite having different types of conflicts be it elemental, physical or psychological, all had to endure one glaringly similar psychological conflict - Each woman had to contend with their own weaker selves, before being able to confront their respective problems, be it an abusive husband or an overbearing mother, each protagonist had to first†¦show more content†¦Rose Consistent in being her husbands Doormat, not having the guts to tell him out for not making her happy. Has no vitality since she is weak and does not sense her own freedom. Realistic in the sense that there are some women who really do not mind being stepped upon. Not motivated in seeking her own identity or voice. Evokes compassion for her sorry state since it is not only her husbands abuse that she has to contend with but her own weakness. Setting The setting which shifts from China during the e1st half of the 20th century and America during the latter half functions as medium to bring about the trials of each Character. Each mother had to tolerate the Chinese culture, the Abuses the setting of pre and post war conservative China established a trend of abuse dictated by a Society that looks down on women. As a rule of thumb Chinese women of this era were reduced to submission. Often these women were brought up thinking that they must serve their husbands, as seen through arranged marriages, wife battery. Chinese superstition also played a major role in the development of the elder protagonists, since the belief in ancestors, curses and bad omens often influenced the lives of the mothers. An example of this is the instance when Waverlys mother had to escape a cruel arranged marriage, she duped her in-laws into believing that their ancestors actuallyShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The Joy Luck Club 853 Words   |  4 PagesEx am Project Process Check #1 Book: The Joy Luck Club Author: Amy Tan By: Bala Sundaram Themes: A) The Joy luck Club presents a couple of themes but one of which, relates to an issue that is affecting many immigrant families who bring up their kids in foreign countries. In forwards, the difficulty in speaking and translating another language.The mothers and daughters in the book have difficulty in communicating their ideas and feelings with one another.The problems associated with communicatingRead MoreJoy Luck Club Analysis981 Words   |  4 Pagesas well.† (Tan 213). The Joy Luck club is a book containing sixteen stories told by four mother-daughter pairs, as well as four anecdotes about no particular character. The mothers are all Chinese Immigrants. Each mothers story details their experiences in China, while the daughters talk about life in America. The exception to this is with the Woo family, where the mother, Suyuan, has passed away, and the daughter, June, tells her stories for her. In ‘The Joy Luck Club’, Amy Tan uses the storiesRead MoreJoy Luck Club Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel, Joy Luck Club, we see Waverly Jong and June Woo’s competitiveness when Waverly becomes a child chess prodigy and June struggles to master the piano. This rivalry reflects how success and worth are depicted in this novel. A mother’s success would be encouraging or coercing their child to master a particular hobby and to improve constantly. A daughter’s worth would be determined by the daughter’s talents, and whether or not the daughter brings a good reputation for the family. We canRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club Characterization1301 Words   |  6 Pages Characterization is a widely-used literary tool in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club. Specifically, each mother and daughter is a round character that undergoes change throughout the novel. Characterization is important in the novel because it directly supports the central theme of the mother-daughter relationship, which was relevant in Tan’s life. T an grew up with an immigrant mother, and Tan expresses the difficulties in communication and culture in the stories in her book. All mothers in the book areRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Joy Luck Club 937 Words   |  4 Pagesup together. Towards the end of the novel, a gathered opinion can be made on the three characters true to all the viewpoints. The Joy Luck Club is a movie, based off a novel written by Amy Tan, displaying the struggles of a group of Chinese women and their daughters. The women grew like a family when they moved from China to San Francisco. The woman in the joy luck club all experienced rape, domestic violence or being abandoned by their family early in adulthood. Christina, Ida and Suyuan all liveRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club Is The Power Of Storytelling1054 Words   |  5 PagesA recurring theme in The Joy Luck Club is the power of storytelling. Throughout the book, stories are used as a way to socialize, teach lessons and warn about dangers. The article à ¢â‚¬Å"The Psychological Power of Storytelling† by Pamela B. Rutledge explains how stories are a form of communication. Rutledge says, â€Å"Stories have always been a primal form of communication.† From cavemen drawing pictures of stories on walls, to bedtime stories being read to children, sharing experiences through storiesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Joy Luck Club 1700 Words   |  7 PagesChurchill English 2 Honors, Period 0 6 September 2015 Reconciliation Swan feathers. Hopes and dreams. Broken relationships and healing. Though these concepts might initially appear incongruous, they are all depicted in the book The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan and The Joy Luck Club film directed by Wayne Wang. Both modes of interpretation show how the mothers help their daughters solve their problems by explaining the formers’ pasts. However, while the book leaves each of the daughters’ stories open endedRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan841 Words   |  3 PagesIn the Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, tells stories of four Chinese mothers and four Chinese-American daughters and their mother-daughter relationship. The four mothers met in a San Francisco church in 1949. Suyuan Woo, founder of the Joy Luck Club, convinced the other mothers An-Mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, and Yingying St. Clair to join the club. The club would meet every week at one of the mother’s house where they eat food, play mahjong, and brag about their daughters. The Chinese -American daughters tellRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club : Breaking Barriers1075 Words   |  5 PagesGrace Pating Mr. Devine English 203H 8 September 2015 The Joy Luck Club: Breaking Barriers When people struggle to communicate with one another or disagree, the usual response is to ask questions and make an effort to fix the issue. Unfortunately, owning up to responsibility can be much more difficult when the argument is with a close friend or family member. Coming from two time periods, this is a prevalent issue for the women of the Woo family, especially since both individuals are intolerablyRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan963 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan shows the past and present experiences of several women including An-mei Hsu, the mother of Rose Hsu Jordan. Beginning at a young age, An-mei has to endure many situations. Her grandmother tells her that her mother is a ghost but she comes back to take care of her grandmother when she is ill. Due to the absence of her mother during her childhood years, she tries to be there for Rose as much as possible but is pushed away. An-mei believes she has nengkin, the

Essay on Jesus Freaks - 1193 Words

Jesus Freaks Where was God on April 20, 1999 when thirteen innocent people were murdered? (Destiny Ministries 5) Cassie Bernall is a martyr for todays teenagers due to the Columbine Massacre. What exactly is a martyr? The Columbine Massacre shook the whole nation because of the students that killed their own colleagues. Cassie Bernall was a girl that stood up for her belief in God when one of the murderers held a gun to her head. A martyr is a person that defends a principle, even though it means giving up everything that is important to that person (Webster 236). Some martyrs are put in jail for standing up for Jesus Christ or God. Most martyrs are killed because of their beliefs. Martyrs are the strange ones who†¦show more content†¦Cassie Bernall was hiding behind a table in the library when one of the shooters told her to stand up and asked her if she believed in God. She told him yes and the shooter shot her because of her faith. Cassie collapsed and died on the library fl oor. There are other tales of students being shot because of their faith. Before Cassie Bernall became a Christian, she was an outsider at school. Cassie had written letters to a friend about how she could kill her parents, Brad and Misty Bernall, and end all of her problems. Cassies parents found the letters, made copies of them, and gave them to the police department. When Cassie got home from school, her parents confronted her. After the confrontation, the Bernalls broke all of Cassies ties with her friends. The Bernalls enrolled Cassie in a Christian school. Cassie was not allowed to answer the phone and no longer had any privileges. She was allowed to go to a youth group, but that was all she could do. Her parents even went as far to put a monitor on their phone so they could know what she was doing when they werent home. Cassie had lost all of the trust that she earned from her parents. Misty Bernall didnt go back to work so that she could watch over Cassie. Cassi e had her backpack searched, her phone calls monitored, and her bedroom searched. Furtively investigating their daughter, they say, was the hardest thing they ever had to do--until they had to close theirShow MoreRelatedAnalysing the Gospel of Mark Essay examples729 Words   |  3 Pagesthat happened during Jesus’ lifetime. After reading the chapters, we pointed out things that stood out to us, which we thought were strange or interesting. We also pointed out spiritual lessons that taught us about our faith. We also wrote down questions that we had about the material. After reading Mark, chapters one through five, several things stood out to me. First, when Jesus heals the paralytic that is lowered from the roof in Mk. 2:11, the healed man doesn’t even thank Jesus! He just walked outRead MoreHandsomest Drowned Man and the Old Man with Enormous Wings Comparison819 Words   |  4 Pagesangel, symbolizes Jesus Christ. The old man and Jesus Christ are very much alike. They are both doubted by the people around them even though they had already performed many miracles that no ordinary human can do. They are also both mistreated by people despite of their power. In paragraph 4, â€Å"tossing him things to eat through the openings in the wire as if weren’t a supernatural creature but a circus animal†. From this line, we can conclude that the angel was treated like a freak show by the peopleRead MoreQuestions On The And Of The Trinity994 Words   |  4 Pages1. WHO we are to BE and HOW to get there Two Pixs (1) Christ The Center of the Trinity (2) Bk of Kells – the Way 2. Quote taken from Rediscover Jesus by Matthew Kelly â€Å"The Gospel may be difficult to live, but due to his unrelentingly simple and its teachings. The Gospel is radically simple, and there is genius and it’s simplicity.† Pix of Jesus with caption The Incarnate Word 3. IT TAKES COMMITMENT AND PASSION These steps are fluid and interrelated THE PATH GETTING THERE Read MoreLove Not Legalism By Madeleine L Engle972 Words   |  4 Pagesshe talked about. She would have been a wonderful wise woman to grab a meal with. She did not shy away from controversial topics; but instead, she introduced them. In Walking on Water L Engle sought to share the freedom available to us if we allow Jesus Christ to break us free from our chains. One of the topics that L Engle humbly addressed was the topic of legalism. I greatly appreciated this because I find that many world-renowned leaders shy away from talking about it, when in reality it mayRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Religion in the World1326 Words   |  6 Pagesfollows this religion is perfect, follows the example of Jesus, never sins against God or their neighbor, tries their best to be the best version of his or herself, reads, studies and understands their perfectly translated Word of God (bible), and truly honors and obeys God and his commandments with integrity and adamancy. This goes to say that there would be no government, hypocrisy, violence, rebellion, greed, divorce, power-trips, control freaks, war, bad parents, or anarchy. Parents would govern theirRead More The Childlike and Biblical Connotations in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe1995 Words   |  8 Pagesopposing the spirit of modern thought with the unpopular Christian doctrines of sin and evil (2083). Lewis himself has said, You never know how much you really believe anything until its truth or falsehood becomes a matter of life or death to you (Freaks 60). Although his belief in God has not yet presented itself in that manner, he continues to devote his time to the artful presentation of what he believes to be true about God and man, as observed by Dr. Bruce Lockerbie (177). The second bookRead MoreThe Bible As An Ounce Of Humor2023 Words   |  9 Pagesspirits went out. But also some of the Jewish exorcists, who went from place to place, attempted to name over those who had the evil spirits the name of the Lord Jesus, saying, ‘I adjure you by Jesus whom Paul preaches.’ Seven sons of one Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, were doing this. And the evil spirit answered and said to them, ‘I recognize Jesus, and I know about Paul, but who are you?’ And the man, in whom was the evil spirit, leaped on them and subdued all of them and overpo wered them, so that theyRead MoreThe Gospel Of God s Word1970 Words   |  8 Pagesis produced when Christians seek to have an intimate relationship with Jesus Christ. â€Æ' How the Timeless Theological Truth Applied to the Original Audience Beneficial faith is produced when Christians seek to have an intimate relationship with Jesus Christ As we have established in the previous blogs, the author of Revelation 3:14-22 was, in my opinion, the Apostle John. In this instance, he was writing the words of Jesus Christ to the believers in the church of Laodicea. At the time the BookRead MoreThe Issue Of Gender Roles1791 Words   |  8 Pagesand authority. Partners of less power need to decide how much they are willing to take. It is important as Christians in a marriage that we do not focus on our needs and wants individually, but the wants and needs of a marriage with Jesus Christ as the center. With Jesus being the center of a relationship you no longer will have each spouse trying to have their own way. In this type of marriage you have both partners striving to discover God’s way in the relationship. Although there will still be disagreementsRead MoreAnalysis Of Franny And Zooey1062 Words   |  5 Pagesstory. In Zooey’s part of the novel, he his seen acting rudely to Mrs. Glass as she consistently invades his privacy. Zooey, referring to his parents says â€Å"We’re freaks that’s all. Those two bastards got us nice and early and made us into freaks†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Salinger 139). Zooey has resentment for his parents and refers to his siblings as freaks. Mrs. Glass on the other hand, holds her children as her pride and joy. She loves to coddle them and when she hears of Fran ny’s meltdown, exclaims â€Å"Your father doesn’t

Blood Brothers Coursework Thesis Essay Example For Students

Blood Brothers Coursework Thesis Essay Blood Brothers is a story of a pair of twins who are separated at  birth. They are brought up in totally different ways and this is shown  through the characters register, body language and reactions to each  other. They story is told by various methods such as the use of an  interventionist narrator and soliloquy in the form of songs by the  characters. In this essay I intend to analyse various techniques and themes which help establish this play to the succesful status it has attained. The Play is written by Willie Russell. Willie Russell was born just outside  Liverpool in Whiston, 1947. After leaving school with one English O-level, he then went on became a ladies hairdresser. In his spare time he would write comical songs but would never sing them in public until one night at his local pub, his  friend put him up to sing, and for the first time sang a song he wrote  about the Kirkby Estate where he had his audience in gales of  laughter. Blood Brothers is set at a crucial time in British  history. It is set in Liverpool in the early 1980s at a time when many  of the working class were being replaced by machines as it was  cheaper. The educated people, though were hardly affected. We see Mrs  Johnston a hard-working woman, pregnant, alone with seven children and  struggling to pay her debts. Then we see her bright and breezy,  middle class employer Mrs Lyons. At first glance both women seem  different, but they both share similar difficulties. They both are  mostly alone and have been abandoned by their husbands. Mrs Johnstons  husband totally abandoned her when the pressure was too much,  mehusband walked out on me. Mrs Lyons has not been totally abandoned by  her husband, yet he is always away for long gaps of time when he is on  business trips,  the company sent him out for about nine months.  This is a huge space in time and is almost like abandoning her.  The themes of the play were very obvious, such as class, innocence,  superstition and family love. These themes were developed by movement,  speech and mime. For example the theme of superstition was developed  from the start when Mrs Lyons put the new shoes on the table and Mrs  Johnstone reminded her about the saying  New shoes on the table arebad luck. It was then later developed by Mrs Lyons by her saying  Come on or the bogey man will get you.  This makes the theme of superstition more effective because the script makes more than one reference to it. Also this themes back up the theme of innocence with  the children because Edward believed it and so this also helped the  theme develop. Another big theme in the play was class. This was  clearly shown from the start because of Mrs Johnstone working for Mrs  Lyons. When Edward and Mickey first meet, the simple fact that they do not realise that theyre twins, especially when they find out that their birthdays are on the  same day, shows that their physical appearances must have been changed  quite a lot by their parents and environment. Mickey: Whens your birthday?  Eddie: December 12th.  Mickey: So is mine.  It does not give any specific images of any of their appearances but  you would expect Eddie to have a side parting, clean face and may be  chubbier than Mickey due to a better diet and he would have been more  knowledgeable about hygiene. Mickey would probably be quite a grubby  boy and perhaps not as tall as Eddie but he will probably be stronger  than Eddie because of the amount of time spent outside playing. Eddie  would probably have watched the TV or played on a computer because it  was available to him.

Monroe Doctrine Essays - Banana Wars, Monroe Doctrine, James Monroe

Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine can be considered as the United States first major declaration to the world as a fairly new nation. The Monroe Doctrine was a statement of United States policy on the activity and rights of powers in the Western Hemisphere during the early to mid 1800s. The doctrine established the United States position in the major world affairs of the time. Around the time of the Napoleonic Wars in the 1820s, Mexico, Argentina, Chile and Colombia all gained their independence from Spanish control ("Monroe Doctrine" 617). The United States was the first nation to recognize their independence from Spain. The European powers had still considered the new nations as still belonging to Spain. The Americans had a sense of pride in the former Spanish colonies gaining independence. They felt as if the American Revolution was a model for these new Latin American nations (Faragher 265). After Napoleon went down, the monarchy in Spain regained power ("Monroe Doctrine" 617). The Spanish had felt embarrassed after losing their colonies to independence. In 1815 Tsar Alexander I of Russia and the monarchs of Austria and Prussia formed the Holy Alliance. This alliance was a group set out to maintain autocracy (Migill 594). Spain then demanded the return of its colonies of the New World (Migill 594). With the possibility of help from the Holy Alliance and France, Spain's goal was looking realistic. The Americans also feared that if the Spanish colonies were recaptured the United States might be next ("Monroe Doctrine" 617). Great Britain refused to let the Spanish take back their now independent colonies. As free countries the new Spanish-American nations could trade more goods with Great Britain. However, if Spain regains control of their former colonies then trade with Great Britain would decrease drastically ("Monroe Doctrine" 617). The Russian Tsar attempted to extend his interest of expansion in North America. In 1821 Russia had claims on the North Western coast of the North American continent as low as the 51st parallel, deep into the Oregon Territory (Migill 595). On September 14th of the same year Tsar Alexander I issued an Imperial Ukase (decree), saying that no foreign vessels could come within 100 Italian miles of Russian territory. Although the decree was never enforced, John Quincy Adams, the Secretary of State at the time, strongly opposed it. Adams felt that many regions of North America were still unexplored such as Alaska and North Western Canada. On July 17th, 1823 John Q Adams declared that the United States should contest Russia's Imperial Ukase on the North American continent. President James Monroe accepted John Q Adams' statement and would go on to use it in his message (Perkins 31). The British and the Americans both had reasons to keep the Holy Alliance out of the New World. So, why not a joint declaration? George Canning, a British Foreign Minister and a representative of British trading interests, sent a message to the United States on August 20th, 1823. He said that Spain would never recover their colonies, only time will allow the new nations to be recognized and that England does not want the colonies nor wants to see anyone else take control of them (Perkins 37). Richard Rush, an American Minister, had been asked the question, by George Canning, if he could make a joint declaration between the United States and Great Britain. Rush was startled by Canning's proposition, since it had been only 40 years since the American Revolution and the War of 1812 was just awhile back (May 3). At first without consulting John Q. Adams he had agreed to. President Monroe favored this idea along with former presidents Jefferson and Madison. Jefferson had said with Great Britain, "on our side, we not fear the world" ("Monroe Doctrine" 617). Although Great Britain and the United States were on the same track, they had differences. The United States had recognized the colonies as new nations and Great Britain had not (Perkins 37). George Canning said that Great Britain would use their powerful Royal Navy to stop European intervention whether or not they had a joint declaration ("Monroe Doctrine" 617). Then on October 12th, 1823 Canning had a number of meetings with Prince Jules de Polignac who was a French ambassador in London. Their meetings concluded with the Polignac Memorandum, saying that France would not help Spain regain her lost colonies. All of this hindered the action toward cooperation. John Q. Adams had opposed the issue of a joint statement with the British (Migill 595). Adams asked, "Why should the United

Regulation in the Financial Crisis 2008

Introduction The US led global financial crisis that struck in 2007 and persisted through 08 and 09 adversely affected the stability of the global economy. The impact of the crisis escalated far beyond its point of origin (US) and affected the countries around the world while spilling over from the financial system into the real economy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Regulation in the Financial Crisis 2008 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The implications of the crisis were wide ranging and still difficult to conceptualize. This has led to extensive analysis of the financial crisis by policy makers and financial analyst in a bid to develop and formulate measures that would avert future crises and stabilize the global economy. While numerous claims have been put forth to explain the causes of the 2007-2009 financial crisis, there is almost a universal agreement that the major causes of the financial crisis was t he combination of a credit boom and a housing bubble that took place in the United States. The post 2007 crisis consequently features the establishment of numerous regulatory initiatives offering diagnoses and presenting recommendations for financial stabilization. Through literature review, the research paper analyses the varying causes that the crisis has been attributed to, the policies which various major governments sought to implement in response to the crisis, the effectiveness and failures of such policies. The research paper further proposes the alternative areas of focus that may serve to avert future crisis in order to achieve consistent financial stability. Reasons for the 2007-09 global financial crises The decline in the US housing market resulting from the failure of sub prime mortgages and mortgage backed securities coupled with an ensuing credit boom marked the beginning of the financial crisis (Canster Cannex 2011). The housing market suffered a major blow as the m ajority homeowners defaulted on the (sub prime) loans. As a consequence of borrowers defaulting on loans, the financial institutions faced a major challenge as they repossessed the property at a loss which led to a liquidity crisis in banks and their lending capacity was consequently diminished (Obersteiner 2011). In addition, there was lack of confidence by US investors which led to emergence of a credit crunch. The consumer confidence was limited due to widespread uncertainties in the economy. While the housing bubble and the credit crunch in United States has been widely attributed as the major cause of the 2007 financial crisis, a valid argument still stands that the crisis resulted from poorly regulated lending by financial institutions.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The collapse of major financial institutions led to widespread panic as governments across the globe s truggled to rescue the major financial institutions in their regions from collapsing. The Australian government launched the stimulus packages which were aimed at rescuing the collapsing economy while the government of United States proposed a $700 billion rescue plan (Obersteiner 2011). This was met with substantial opposition by congressmen who felt that such spending of taxpayers’ money to rescue Wall Street investment bankers was not justified. Metodi Lazarov (2009) argued that if liquidity was the actual cause of the global financial crisis, then providing more liquidity through reduced interest rates that made borrowing easier would have been appropriate in solving the situation. He cites the ignorance of major financial institutions on their own business models of secularization as the major cause of persistent financial crisis. He further attributes the crisis to globalization, financial innovation and asymmetry of information (Lazarov 2009). Lazarov suggests that the presence of liquidity effects increases the chances of systemic breakdown of any given connectivity between financial institutions which may have caused the crisis. While he agrees that the financial system contained the effects from the housing bubble, he emphasizes on the need for a new and advanced regulatory framework which will shape the financial systems in the future. Fiscal measures are also among the main reasons why investors ran into large risky market such as sub prime which has been cited as a major cause of the 2007 financial crisis. The US government’s move to issue mortgage backed securities coupled with the relative decline in prime mortgage set the stage for the onset of the financial crisis (Lazarov 2009). This saw a significant increase in sub prime mortgage lending which was not in adherence to the government and financial regulations. Further, nationalization of the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac led to increased investor confidence which led to over relian ce of market participants on government guarantees (Lazarov 2009). Responses of Major Economies to the Global Financial Crisis Australia In Australia, the financial crisis struck at a time when the local economy was suffering from massive inflation. In response to these challenges, the Australian government announced its stimulus packages worth $ 10.4b and the government further sought to guarantee the bank deposits (Canster Cannex 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Regulation in the Financial Crisis 2008 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The economic stimulus played a major role in improving the economy which was suffering from recession and incorporated government transfer payment to consumers which in turn increased sales especially over 2008 Christmas period. The government also provided assistance to various sectors in the economy such as the automotive industry since lenders had lost confidence in the m arket leaving banks as the only credit providers. As the condition of the economy continued to worsen in the beginning of 2009, the government announced a second stimulus package where the government injected $ 47 billion to boost the economy which was then allocated to ailing sectors such as education, housing, infrastructure, small businesses, as well as provision of cash bonuses (Canster Cannex 2011). Consequently, the country suffered less impact of the global financial crisis relative to other major economies of the world. Financial experts argued that the county’s economy was more insulated but evidence of general slowdown in the housing market, and unemployment was still evident in the Australian economy and some questioned the massive government packages claiming that they would haunt the country’s economy in the future as they seek to repay debt. United States In the United States, the financial crisis stimulated substantial debate regarding the governance of global financial markets with the policy makers calling for the creation of a global financial regulator to monitor both domestic financial markets and ensure that other countries implement adequate prudential regulations (Zimmermann 2010). The 2007 financial crisis which set off as the US housing market collapsed offered no guarantee of US leadership in the creation and modification of suitable global financial standards. In deed, the US regulators faced major challenges in trying to focus on the international economy while its internal economy was falling apart. The early stages of the crises were therefore characterized by deep cuts in the US federal funds interest rates nationalization of Northern Bank UK, introduction of the term auction facility at the Federal Reserve, the take over of a major investment bank, Bear Stearns, among other measures (Obersteiner 2011). However, some of the interventions put forth only served to prolong the crisis rather than providing a solution to the situation. In December of 2007, the US government introduced the term auction facility which made it easier for banks to borrow from federal reserves (Taylor 2008). The measure was aimed at increasing the flow of credit in the money market through the reduction of interest rates. This saw a substantial reduction of spreads in the money market during the initial periods of its implementation but this trend only lasted for a short period of time.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government’s temporary cash infusions implemented under the stimulus Act of 2008 which aimed at sending financial support amounting to over $ 100 billion to individuals and families in the United States was not successful either. Just like the liquidity facilities, the temporary cash infusions were not focused on dealing with the underlying causes of the financial crisis and since the rebate was financed through borrowing rather than money creation, the policy only served to intensify national debt (Taylor 2008). The failure of this policy was further intensified by consumer’s failure to spend as predicted by the permanent income theory of consumption. Consumer spending remained limited due to widespread uncertainties and the consumption was not jumpstarted according to the policy maker’s expectations which consequently increased income rather than consumption. The initial cuts in interest rates in 2008 which saw the federal funds rate target decrease to 2% presented a major challenge to an economy that was already struggling with a credit crunch. Slight reduction in interest rates would perhaps have been effective in rectifying the situation. However, this was only achievable if the interest rates cuts were much less aggressive. The sharp cuts in the federal funds rates led to the depreciation of the dollar which in turn resulted in plummeting of world oil prices evidenced by the doubling of prices from $ 70 per barrel to $ 140 in a period of one year (Taylor 2008). United Kingdom The United States credit crisis appeared as a foreign concern for United Kingdom in the early 2007 (Tindall 2007). However, in mid 2007, when BNP Paribas announced that it would be unable to withdraw funds from its hedge funds and Northern Rock requested for emergency financial support from the Bank of England, the effect of the financial crisis became a reality in the region. In response to the crisis, the Prime Minister Gordon Brown, Chancellor of the Exch equer Alistair Darling, and the Bank of England governor Mervin King sought to implement policies which were aimed at managing the global financial crisis that had hit the region’s economy. The measures included the nationalization of financial institutions and purchase of risky assets (Tindall 2009). The financial regulators in UK ensured that the value added tax was reduced from 17.5% to 15%, the pension for the aged was raised while the government introduced new tax breaks (Tindall 2009). A total of  £ 300 billion was injected into the economy in an attempt to salvage the situation while the bank interest rates were slashed to a historic 0.5 in March 2009 after the 50 billion pound rescue package failed to take effect in the preceding months (Obersteiner 2011). Effectiveness of International Regulation in Dealing with the Crisis The severity of the global financial crisis revealed major weaknesses in the international architecture for prudential financial regulation that has been constructed since the mid 1970s (Zimmerman 2010). While policy makers responded to the crisis through a flurry of ambitious initiatives to reform international standards and strengthen the international regulatory regimes, the questions remain as to whether the regulation of global finance will safeguard the global economy against such crisis in the future and to what extent the financial regulation system should be changed in response to the crisis. This would only be effective if applied on a global scale since the regulations may impose a greater cost on domestic firms than foreign markets resulting in disequilibrium. It is evident from the severity of the global financial crisis that there are substantial weaknesses in the international financial regulation mechanism. Consequently, the aftermath of the crisis saw the formulation of numerous reports and regulatory initiatives which were published by national regulatory agencies, financial industry associations and inter national standards setting bodies. The financial stability forum further integrated these initiatives into a unified international coordinated response which was released in 2008 and incorporated over sixty recommendations to the crisis. While the policy presented through the financial stability forums were quickly endorsed by the G7 among other major international bodies, the effectiveness of the recommendations in the long run remained in question. Since the international financial regulation has emerged in response to the power and interest of the world’s major economies, most of these policies favoured the sectors where leading states could reap benefits while the areas where they would incur greater costs were narrowed in scope. Consequently, the measures proposed served to benefit the major world economies and continued to economically oppress the developing economies. In the analysis of the 2007 global financial crisis, the lasting power of US and Britain economies glo bal financial regulation should be critically analyzed. This is because the domination of these countries in the global market has adversely affected the global economy due to the fragmented, weak, and exclusive institutional context that has emerged in the recent past. Indeed, David Singer agrees that the central role played by United States in the global economy requires able leadership and ambitious regulatory regimes in absence of which results in increasingly vague principles and guidelines which puts the future of the economy at risk (Zimmermann 2010). Elliot Posner further observed that the European Union was very eager to use their economic influence to export EU models to the international level during the crisis (Zimmermann 2010). The fact that the financial crisis hit at a time when the European Union had increased its capacity to influence international regulatory outcomes due to intensified regional integration and its increasing financial market size further raises a l ot of concerns regarding the effectiveness of these economies in international financial regulation. Governments and policy makers should therefore aim at ensuring the shift of power from major economies by diminishing the role of US and British financial markets and major firms in international regulation and putting less emphasis on their financial power which stems from the reputation of New York and London financial centres (Zimmermann 2010). Although the East Asia and other emerging powers are not ready to take on the leadership role in international regulation politics, their active contribution to international regulation seeks to challenge the status quo and are more critical of the existing international standards in banking regulations which may lead to reforms necessary to ensure future stability of the global economy (Zimmermann 2010). Domestic Policies and the Financial Crisis Past literature has revealed that when the domestic societal actors are engaged in debates abo ut international financial regulation, the scope is often narrow relative to other economic areas such as trade politics (Zimmermann 2010). This is primarily due to the complexity of issues involved, the consequences, and an institutional context that in most advanced countries gives financial analysts and regulators considerable autonomy from domestic interests and legislative assemblies. Societal actors who take active interests in constructive international financial debates are financial market participants who are directly affected by international regulations. These actors are mostly concerned with adjustment costs of new standards and view international regulation coordination as a means to gain access to a greater market share. Consequently, they often oppose intrusive regulatory measures and support market driven solutions which limits the efficiency of measures presented to solve the financial crisis. Domestic politics have indeed played a major role in the financial crisi s with the large scale use of the tax payers’ money to rescue financial institutions being used as a tool for politicizing financial regulations especially in the United States and Britain. Consequently, domestic politics unleashed pressure in favour of stronger regulation policies and increased the involvement of legislative bodies in financial regulation (Zimmermann 2010). Consequently, the severity of the 2007 financial crisis demanded the generation of new kinds of regulations for defensive reasons at a time of weakened political legitimacy and for improvement of industries, confidence restoration, and increasing market share. However, the politicization of financial regulation in Europe had an effect of weakening the association between European Union policy entrepreneurs and multinational financial firms which hindered the effectiveness of such policies in solving the financial crisis. Conclusion and Recommendations The global financial crisis of 2007 adversely affected the global economy leading to a recession. While many causes have been put forth to explain the reasons for its occurrence, the housing bubble and the credit crisis in the US have been cited as the major causes of the crisis. In order to reduce the likelihood of such crisis from occurring in the future, much emphasis has been put on increased international financial regulation. However, the appropriate policy response to the crisis extends beyond tougher international regulations to smarter requirements combined with effective political and financial leadership (IMF 2009). This is because as evidenced in the crisis, the banking sector which is already highly regulated proved vulnerable to the systemic shock which has been attributed to lack of coordination and adequate communication in the sector. Consequently the government and financial regulators should aim at restoring the market disciplines, address the fiscal risks posed by systemic institutions, and restoring the level and q uality of bank capital in order to avoid such crisis from occurring in the future (IMF 2009). In addition, the role of international financial regulation should be delegated to both major and developing economies in order to promote efficiency and avoid conflict of interests. Reference List Canster Cannex, 2011. Global Financial Crisis-What Caused It And How The World Responded? Web. International Monetary Fund, 2009. Global Financial Stability Report: 40095. Washington D. C., International Monetary Fund. Lazarov, M., 2009. The Global Financial Crisis 2007-2008: Crisis of Human Knowledge and Government Intervention. Web. Obersteiner, T. Schemes To Asset Relief Measures and Restructuring Plans: EU State Aid Policy And Banking Institutes During The Financial Crisis. Germany, GRIN Verlag. Taylor, B. J., 2008. Financial Crisis and the Policy Responses: An Empirical Analysis of What Went Wrong. Web. Tindall, K., 2009. Framing the Global Economic Downturn: Crisis Rhetoric and the Politics of Recession. Australia, ANU E Press. Zimmermann, H., 2010. Global Finance in Crisis: The Politics of International Regulatory Change. New York, Taylor and Francis. This essay on Regulation in the Financial Crisis 2008 was written and submitted by user Orphan-Maker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Solomon Northup - Twelve Years a Slave essays

Solomon Northup - Twelve Years a Slave essays Solomon Northups Twelve Years a Slave, provides readers with a different outlook on slavery. Northup discusses his days as a slave and the different obstacles he went through. Among the three owners he had, all of them had a different way of treating their slaves. Religion is one of the main factors contributing to how Northup is treated. This book portrays how the adoption of religion played a major role in the treatment of the slaves. During the late 18th century, about the same time as Northups expiernces as a slave, many Southerners were greatly influenced by religion. In particular, during the evangelical reform movement, religion became the new model of behavior. Instead of ones worth being evaluated by their power and wealth, a persons moral purity determined rank (Text-460). The main evangelical reform project was the Mission to the Slaves. This mission aimed to better the physical treatment of the slaves. Any who did not abide by this mission were threatened with church or social sanctions (Text-461). There are many instances throughout Twelve Years a Slave that incorporate these religious reform movements. Solomons first owner, William Ford, demonstrated how the evangelical reform movement effected the way he treated his slaves. Solomon describes Ford as being a noble Christian man. He states, He never doubted the moral right of one man holding another in subjection, he was a model master, walking uprightly, according to the light of his understanding, and fortunate was the slave who came to his possession. Were all men such as he, Slavery would be deprived of more then half its bitterness (Northup-39). Solomon highly respected Ford. Ford provided the slaves with the same respect he gave to the white community. Ford allowed the slaves to take breaks and rests whenever they were needed and provided them with plenty of food and shelter. While many slaves...

Case assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Case assignment - Essay Example He had to make the decision with the following factors to be considered: the current economic condition makes it difficult to find employment; his experience and recently completed associate’s degree in supervisory management could be plus factors; his seniority position could protect him from being considered for retrenchment and make him potentially accountable for claims for legal action from the department of labor. The dominant issue in the case is the right of employees to join labor unions. As part of a health care institution, Marilyn Becker, the nursing supervisor for the second shift cardiac care unit was noted to have overhead a colleague enjoining other nurses to join a union. Due to this, Becker reported the incident to Denise Capp, reportedly the director of nursing services. Capp was revealed to send a memo encouraging personnel to report those identified to encourage others in joining the union and to ultimately stop even considering joining it. As such, the concerns that were evident from the case facts include: could management preclude employees from joining the union? What are the rights of employees in joining labor unions? What are the factors which could justify employees’ decision or preference to join labor unions? Finally, given the memo that was issued by Capp, what courses of action should be taken which are consistent with labor laws regarding rights to join labor unions? The issue in the case focused on concepts of management and leadership. As disclosed, Bryan Scott was an area supervisor for New Vision Fast Food Shoppes (Leonard, LAST ONE OUT -LOCK THE DOORS). The recent acquisition of similar stores (eight Citgo convenience stores) inevitably put tremendous strain and pressure in Scott’s supervisory governance. Due to economic condition and difficulties, it was revealed that there were specifically identified stores to be closed (six to be exact). The current issues that need to be taken into consideration